Aviation Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Flying Law - Essay Example Despite the fact that, Carl was an enrolled pilot his flight rating were not agreeable since he had no flown for 10 months (Henrietta, 2006). During his flight, Carl experienced issues similarly as he was going to land in his goal. Segment 107 of the ANO determines that an administrator or pilot of an airplane must indicate the base necessities to be utilized in setting down an airplane. Carl was very much aware through his flight plan that the airplane was going to fly over a class D airspace and along these lines he ought to have made Cumbernauld airport’s Air Traffic Controllers mindful of his takeoff aims (CAA, 2009). Besides, segment 107 of the ANO an airplane ought not dive from a stature over 1000 meters to the important air terminal without away from of that air terminal. One of the significant data that was overlooked was the flying necessity for the plane utilized via Carl. Carl flew a plane that was fuel starved for its proposed venture which was in negation of the segment 107 which requires least necessities to be followed. Betty, a section proprietor of the plane organization in which Carl later flew contradicted the ANO’s area 138, which expresses that an individual must not foolishly or carelessly an airplane to jeopardize any property or individual. Betty didn't make any strides in guaranteeing that Carl was able to fly a plane since she just depended on his promise. As the administrator of the organization that claimed the plane she had the commitment of guaranteeing that air security is kept up for her representatives and customers. In addition, Betty didn't try to check if Carl individual log book had great instrument rating since the law restricts pilots from flying with poor... The paper tells that numerous business exercises are controlled and checked by the laws for the advantage or security of various partners. In addition, a few laws have been ordered to provide food for unique interests, for example, human rights, shopper assurance and numerous other uncommon interests. Air travel is these days a typical type of transport on the planet and this kind of movement is appropriate for travelers voyaging significant distances or those in a rush. The scientists have seen the instance of Carl who was in a rush and along these lines took a chance with his life in an airplane. Also, we took a gander at Dan who jeopardized his life and made wounds one of his travelers through his activities. The Air Navigation Order (ANO) or Rules of the Air (RotA) laws were authorized to secure air administrators, voyagers and representatives who work in the aircraft business. Nonetheless, these laws are utilized distinctly in the UK and in this way in certain circumstances it i mportant to utilize laws and past cases in taking care of out decisions. In the main case, we investigate the instance of Carl who disregarded the guidelines and arrangements of the ANO. While then again the second case we investigate a new kid on the block helicopter pilot who glaringly overlooks flying laws. These two cases are extraordinary and investigate how arrangements of the ANO and RotA can be utilized in choosing and settling flying situations. For example, in the main case Carl and Betty ought to be held at risk for penetrating the ANO laws while on the second case Dan is the guilty party through carelessness.

Discuss the ideal knowledge management environment Free Essays

In today’s expanding serious condition and the new economy of block and snap ventures, information the executives (KM) can be considered as a business coordination discipline which attempts, ‘to improve the presentation of people and associations by keeping up and utilizing the present and future estimation of information assets’ (Newman, B. , ; Conrad, K. W. We will compose a custom exposition test on Examine the perfect information the board condition or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now , 1999, p. 2). While individuals have censured data and information the board as something very similar, information the board is certifiably not another training but instead the translations of information the executives and its structures have perpetually changed. Effective block and snap undertakings are those which much of the time the board information and perceives information as a source and combination apparatus to driving the development and maintainability of business disciplines, and henceforth recognizes the high vulnerabilities of progress ‘between the information assets and the business execution results, and, the holes between the worth these endeavors make and the worth requested by changing economic situations, purchaser inclinations, serious contributions, changing plans of action, and, industry structures’ (Malhorta, Y. 2004). Be that as it may, the information creation process doesn't really prompt business upgrades or worth creation (Chen, C. J. , ; Huang, J. W. , 2007), yet more on how information is taken care of, circled and applied inside a virtual situation, empowering information streams between the individual and its authoritative culture. Thusly, it is the motivation behind this exposition to talk about the perfect condition, wherein worth must be made when information is scattered and satisfactorily applied where required by utilization of information the board strategies; moreover it will recognize that a ‘well-created information the executives framework would animate the imagination of every representative by giving precisely the information that worker should be ideally creative’ (Finneran, T. On the web, No Date). You can peruse additionally Portfolio Management Quizzes In the new developing economy the administration of information is a basic factor for the achievement and upper hand of any association; similar to the creating of new information to satisfy authoritative destinations and to accomplish more noteworthy business advancement. As indicated by Resnick, L. M. , (2004, p. 87), as contemporary associations advance to a progressively virtual structure, they lose and gain connections among workers, chiefs, clients and providers on an unpredictable nuts and bolts; and without reasonable administration, the information made through these connections will be lost. Along these lines, amassing a ‘effective information the executives will empower associations to shield themselves from the misfortunes experienced when workers and accomplices end their relationship with the company’ (Resnick, L. M. , 2004, p. 288). Business Management Study Guide iframe class=wp-inserted content sandbox=allow-contents security=restricted style=position: outright; cut: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); src=https://phdessay.com/business-the executives study-direct/implant/#?secret=tcPWSM1wUf information secret=tcPWSM1wUf width=500 height=282 title=#8220;Business Management Study Guide#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com frameborder=0 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 scrolling=no/iframe While specialists have contended that data as well as information the executives rehearses isn't just about the organization of data, yet rather involves the board prerequisites for information the board frameworks to be incorporated to all parts of the virtual condition; a very much built information the executives framework will block the creation and joint effort of imagination over every single authoritative subunit. Finneran, T. (On the web, No date) depicts information the executives more or less where ‘Knowledge Management imagines getting the Right Information inside the Right Context to the Right Person at the Right Time for the Right Business Purpose’. This view proposes the perfect condition where people or gathering information ought to be successfully conveyed over every single authoritative division in manners which legitimately sway on business execution. Basically, the perfect information the board condition will develop and exploit existing and new information through the execution and blend of KM systems, best practices, structures, and advancements that will at last invigorate the improvement of inventiveness and creative thoughts of individuals. Basically, the essential idea of information the board is tied in with sharing information to use existing information, invigorate development and to accomplish operational viability. As KM develops numerous organizations will begin to take a gander at KM with a progressively comprehensive methodology, yet ‘research shows that albeit numerous organizations have started to build up a type of information the board capacities, not very many (6%) have executed information the board programs on a venture wide scale’ (Kidwell, J. J. , Vander Linde, K. M. , ; Johnson, S. L. , 2000, p. 30). The origination on KM best practices ought not basically center around one single sort of activity for upper hand, yet rather base on expanding on the center business abilities and procedures around information sharing. For example, information sharing can be accomplished through the making of an information network expected to catch information from people and store in groups and the association; adopting an institutional worldwide strategy in encouraging information varying and in separating the social obstructions among association and its clients. Finneran, T. , (Online, No Date) propose that ‘practitioners of Knowledge Management have discovered that a basic achievement factor in the execution of information the board is the formation of a social situation that empowers the sharing of information’. Information people group can be seen as ‘Global people group of interest’ which invigorates virtual and worldwide collaborations through basic classes of intrigue, which are not limited and attached to by physical and hierarchical obstructions. A few KM best practices and patterns have developed throughout the most recent couple of years and are guage to shape the manner in which information is to be overseen. It incorporates the appearance of innovation arrangements, the association of information the board with e-business, development from restricted KM activities to big business wide task and expanding the utilization of KM to upgrade advancement and of strategy information as opposed to express information. (Kidwell, J. J. , Vander Linde, K. M. , ; Johnson, S. L. , 2000, p. 29). By and large, information can be hard to classify and can likewise be exceptionally abstract. Two kind of information which is perceived in KM are unequivocal and strategy, and when applied profitably inside an association it can assist with expanding upper hand through advancement and information sharing. In a perfect world, strategy information would better guide activities and settle on better educated choices dependent on the capacity use on recognition, hands-on abilities, encounters, know-hows, bits of knowledge, etc. Strategy information is close to home, hard to formalize, convey and move; eventually it is information that is inserted inside individuals in an association. Seonghee, K. , (1999) recommends that KM best practices draw on strategy information for imagination and ‘ensures errands adequacy †that the correct things are being accomplished with the goal that work unit could achieve its destinations. It additionally accommodates a sort of innovative strength †instinct and heuristic can regularly handle extreme issues that would some way or another be hard to solve’. Practically, information the board structures offer a horde of opportunities for associations and help to fabricate the uprightness of information dispersal and application inside an association, giving the innumerable advantages in applying a KM system which expands on the idea of information the executives in points of interest to the hierarchical condition, its business procedures and exercises. With the change in outlook and wonder of the need and comprehension of information the board in the course of the most recent quite a while, numerous specialists have proposed various ways to deal with KM systems, every one of which have just tended to specific parts of information the executives. Holsapple, C. W. , and Joshi, K. D. , (1999, p. ) extensively arranges KM systems into two classes; enlightening structures which endeavors to portray the idea of the KM wonders with extra sub classifications including board and explicit systems to depict the entire of the KM marvels, and prescriptive systems specifies the approachs for performing information the executives. For occurrences, the ‘Core Capabilities and Knowledge Building’ system started by Leonard-Barton, D. (1995), and as depicted in Holsapple, C. W. , and Joshi, K. D. , (1999, p. 2) paper, centers around the significance in the characterisation of the KM marvel and in this manner arranging it as a board system. This KM structure presented by Leonard-Barton (1995), envelops four information building exercises that enclose the four center abilities, which Leonard-Barton affirms is vital to an information based association (KBO). The four information building exercises focused on information creation and dissemination are recognized in the structure as: shared and imaginative critical thinking, executing and incorporating new philosophies and apparatuses, testing and prototyping, and bringing in and engrossing innovations from outside of the firm’s information. Moreover, Leonard-Barton communicates that these four information building exercises are affected by the center capacities distinguished in the system as being:

Freud and the Unconscious Mind

Freud and the Unconscious Mind Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Understanding the Unconscious Freuds Conceptualization of the Unconscious By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on May 13, 2019 J.W. Burkey / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality, the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. Most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict. According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behavior and experience even though we are unaware of these underlying influences. The Unconscious Mind: Below the Surface of Awareness When thinking of the unconscious mind, it can be helpful to compare the mind to an iceberg. Everything above the water represents conscious awareness  while everything below the water represents the unconscious. Consider how an iceberg would look if you could see it in its entirety. Only a small part of the iceberg is actually visible above the water. What you cannot see from the surface is the enormous amount of ice that makes up the bulk of the iceberg, submerged deep below in the water. The things that represent our conscious awareness are simply the tip of the iceberg. The rest of the information that is outside of conscious awareness lies below the surface. While this information might not be accessible consciously, it still exerts an influence over current behavior. Freud believed that many of our feelings, desires, and emotions are repressed or held out of awareness. Why? Because, he suggested, they were simply too threatening. Freud believed that sometimes these hidden desires and wishes make themselves known through dreams and slips of the tongue (aka Freudian slips). Freud believed that all of our basic instincts and urges were also contained in the unconscious mind. The life and death instincts, for example, were found in the unconscious. The life instincts, sometimes known as the sexual instincts, are those that are related to survival. The death instincts include such things as thoughts of aggression, trauma, and danger. Such urges kept out of consciousness because our conscious minds often view them as unacceptable or irrational. In order to keep these urges out of awareness, Freud suggested that people often utilize a number of different defense mechanisms to prevent them from rising to awareness. How Is Unconscious Information Brought Into Awareness? There are a few different ways that information from the unconscious might be brought into conscious awareness, according to Freud. Free Association: Freud also believed that he could bring these unconscious feelings into awareness through the use of a technique called free association. He asked patients to relax and say whatever came to mind without any consideration of how trivial, irrelevant, or embarrassing it might be. By tracing these streams of thought, Freud believed he could uncover the contents of the unconscious mind where repressed desires and painful childhood memories existed. Dream Interpretation: Freud also suggested that dreams were another route to the unconscious. While information from the unconscious mind may sometimes appear in dreams, he believed that it was often in a disguised form. Dream interpretation often involves examining the literal content of a dream (known as the manifest content) to try to uncover the hidden, unconscious meaning of the dream (the latent content). Freud also believed that dreams were a form of wish fulfillment. Because these unconscious urges could not be expressed in waking life, he believed they find expression in dreams. Criticisms The very idea of the existence of the unconscious has not been without controversy. A number of researchers have criticized the notion and dispute that there is actually an unconscious mind at all.   More recently in the field of cognitive psychology, researchers have focused on automatic and implicit functions to describe things that were previously attributed to the unconscious. According to this approach, there are many cognitive functions that take place outside of our conscious awareness.  This research may not support Freuds conceptualization of the unconscious mind, yet it does offer evidence that things that we are not aware of consciously may still have an influence on our behaviors. Unlike early psychoanalytic approaches to the unconscious, research within the field of cognitive psychology is driven by scientific investigations and empirical data supporting the existence of these automatic cognitive processes. A Word From Verywell While Sigmund Freud did not invent the concept of the unconscious mind, he did popularize it to the point that it is largely associated with his psychoanalytic theories. The notion of the unconscious continues to play a role in modern psychology as researchers strive to understand how the mind operates outside of conscious awareness. Is It Possible to Overcome Implicit Bias?

Recidivism Rates Among Recently Criminal Offenders

The purpose of this research is to identify the recidivism rates among recently criminal offenders, the professionals that decide if the offender will commit a crime upon release, and the methods they use to determine if the criminal offender is at risk for recidivism. This research also includes the criminals who are at the highest rate for recidivism. Finally if there are necessary steps to prevent recidivism before and after release. Introduction to Recidivism Recidivism is the return to criminal activity after a criminal offender has been released back into society. Understanding recidivism and rates of recidivism of released criminal offenders is an important part of criminal psychology. Having this knowledge can improve the parole program and the chances of a former criminal offender committing another crime that would send them back into the criminal justice system. Recidivism is also important to the criminal justice system when studying topics such as incapacitation, specific deterrence, and rehabilitation. According to the National Institute of Justice a released offender will either distance themselves from all and anything related to criminal activate or recidivate after their release. How recidivism is determined Currently there is a wide range on how to measure recidivism rates. The majority of studies use arrest records, convictions, criminal history records, and self-reporting crime data. Research has shown that just using arrestShow MoreRelatedThe Strain On Taxpayer s Money Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesovercrowding is attainable. Prison programs that do their best to rehabilitate offenders often see a cycle of returners coming through their doors in a matter of years or even months. Once the rehabilitated offenders are released, they often find themselves without the proper tools to find jobs or housing and resort to illegal activity to support themselves; thus, landing them back in jail or prison. The advantage of allowing offenders to partake in reentry programs is the wide range of services that canRead MoreEssay on Recidivism: Prison and Correctional Education1812 Words   |  8 Pagesnumber of individuals involved with criminal justice system conti nues to rise at alarming rates. Since 1980, the incarceration rate has tripled. 1 in 20 Americans will spend time in prison during their lifespan. The numbers speaks for themselves. Currently there are an estimated 2 million people in U.S. federal and state prisons. Given the unprecedented rise of individuals now involved with the American criminal justice system and the soaring rates or recidivism, there is a great need for systemicRead MorePositive And Negative Stigma Of Offenders1843 Words   |  8 PagesOne of the hardest things for a recently released offender to do is to gain employment and to avoid or change the lifestyle that contributed to their criminality. Upon release, they will face economic hardship, a lack of social connections and a negative stigma about offenders that can help lead them into making decisions that will end with them reincarcerated and possibly never escaping from the criminal justice system. However, if an offender is offered help with these problems through a jobRead MoreBlack Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White Americans Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesStates continue to be excessively â€Å"incarcerated, policed, and sentenced to death at significantly higher rates than their white counterparts (Kerby 2).† Portrayals in the media have depicted black men as thugs and common criminals; these negative stereotypes demoralize men of color and allow society to believe and internalize this destructive thinking. The racial disparities that exist in the criminal justice system are an indirect consequence of the portrayals of African American men that circulate inRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Juvenile Offenders941 Words   |  4 Pagesjustice system responds to female offenders. Historically juvenile female offenders have been treated under status offense jurisdiction (Zahn et al., 2010, p. 10). United States Courts would exercise the principle of â€Å"parens patriae† to place the fema le in detention as a form of punishment for misbehavior (Sherman, 2012, pp. 1589-1590). This principle also remains prevalent as it pertains to how the juvenile justice system currently responds to juvenile female offenders. Studies suggest that there isRead MoreRestorative Justice Model And Domestic Violence924 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues from punishment of criminal behavior towards addressing the needs of the victims of crime. The questions being asked shifted from what law was broken to who was hurt. (Calhoun, 2013) It can be said that even today there still appears some controversy over the effectiveness and place of restorative justice however it has begun to infiltrate legislation. In Kansas K.S.A. 21-5414 (Domestic Battery) recently passed the requirement that all domestic violence offenders are required to undergo assessmentRead MoreA Research Study On Correctional Facility1442 Words   |  6 Pagesdone by the Bureau Of Justice Statistics â€Å"African Americans are incarcerated in state prisons at a rate that is 5.1 times the imprisonment of whites. In eleven states, at least 1 in 20 adult black males is in prison. In Oklahoma, the state with the highest overall black incarceration rate, 1 in 15 black males ages 18 and older is in prison.† The United States has the highest prison population rate in the world. Almost half of those prisoner are released back into society. Nearly half of the prisonersRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States3014 Words   |  13 Pagesis currently incarcerated. A few factors that attribute to our high rates of incarceration include, sentencing laws: such as mandatory- minimum sentencing, lack of initial deterrence from crime, the war on drugs and the presence of recidivism. With our ever growing incarceration rates and the cost of housing individual offenders averaging $22,000 a criminal justice agenda. Recidivism refers to a person s relapse into criminal behavior resulting in rearrests, reconviction or return to prison withRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice System1044 Words   |  5 PagesRestorative justice has can be seen to have multiple definitions among the most used are: A) a theory of justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior and B) an approach of justice that aims to satisfy the needs of the victims and offenders, as well as the entire community. The most broadly accepted definition of restorative justice, however, is a process where all the parties that have equal power in a specific offense and collectively come to a solution on how to deal withRead MoreAbstract. During The Last Few Years, Government Officials1823 Words   |  8 Pagesofficials and criminal justice experts have explored the different policies concerning sex offenders in the United States. Sexual violence is a growing concern and in order to decrease the incidence of these crimes, legislators have passed regulatory guidance such as policies, sexual offense registration, and community notification. This literature will explore the definition of sex offenders in the United States and research the different treatments associated with sexual offenders o f all ages as

Oedipus the King - 773 Words

The Greek drama Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is regarded as one of the most perfect tragedies ever written. The tragedy Oedipus the King is highly esteemed partly due to its use of dramatic irony. Dramatic irony means that facts or events, which are not known to the characters on stage or in a fictional work, are known to the audience or reader. Sophocles uses dramatic irony to demonstrate how little the protagonist really knows. The main dramatic irony in Oedipus the King contrasts Oedipus’s limited knowledge of his unfolding situation and how the audience is fully aware of it. Oedipus’s lack of knowledge and resulting quest to seek the truth reveals many flaws within his character. The use of dramatic irony reveals the†¦show more content†¦You’ve lost your power, stone-blind, stone-deaf–senses, eyes blind as stone! TIRESIAS. I pity you, flinging at me the very insults each man here will fling at you so soon. (I. 422-425) In this passage, Oedipus insults Tiresias by calling him â€Å"blind as stone†. The king says this solely because he does not like what Tiresias tells him. If Oedipus would hear good news, the king would praise Tiresias for his foresight. In response to Oedipus’s insults, Tiresias says how men will soon say that Oedipus is blind and deaf. The irony of Tiresias’s statement reveals itself after Oedipus eventually blinds himself by poking out his eyes. Also, the statement stands for how blind Oedipus is to the truth about his past since Oedipus does not know his parents’s true identity. Oedipus’s temper exposes itself during his insulting and degradation of the blind prophet, Tiresias. Dramatic irony in the play also reveals Oedipus’s mortality. The Thebians regard their king very highly and even worship him. Some people believe he is a god sent to guide them through times of hardship. Oedipus’s great pride leads him to think tha t he is indeed a god on earth. This becomes apparent when Oedipus say to the people, â€Å"You pray to the gods? Let me grant your prayers. / Come, listen to me... (I. 245-246). The people call out to the gods in need due to the terrible plague. Oedipus takes it uponShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King Of Oedipus868 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge that waits upon one. Confidence overpowers cockiness. The cocky trait is heavily represented in the story â€Å"Oedipus the King† (c. 430 B.C.) by Sophocles. In the story, Oedipus the king of Thebes has the cocky trait and it results in torture for life. Oedipus’s arrogant personality shows throughout the story as he tries to find the killer of the former king of Thebes, his father. Oedipus tends to deem himself as a god throughout the story which plays a big role in interaction with people around himRead MoreOedipus The King : Oedipus1328 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus the King Oedipus had a lot of different character traits both good and bad. He had a good conscience; he cared deeply for the people in his life and protected them. He was very empathetic, smart and a dependable man who lived his life with great integrity. He was an honest man with strong moral principles and lived a righteous life. He found it difficult to live anything less than a righteous life; when he realized what had become of his life, his guilty conscience consumed him. He was filledRead MoreOedipus The King Of Oedipus1019 Words   |  5 Pageswhat makes Oedipus actions in his quarrel with Teiresias and also throughout the play so dramatically compelling, is the fact that the audience knows the outcome of the story. We know Oedipus fate even before he does, and there is no suspense about the outcome itself, instead, the audience anxiously awaits Oedipus to reveal his fate unto himself in his desperate quest to rid his city of the terrible plague, or maybe even more so, to simply d iscover his own unfortunate tale. Oedipus is relentlessRead MoreOedipus the King1125 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King by Sophocles is about Oedipus, a man doomed by his fate. Like most tragedies, #8220;Oedipus the King#8221; contains a tragic hero, a heroic figure unable to escape his/her own doom. This tragic hero usually has a hamartia or a tragic flaw which causes his/hers#8217; downfall. The tragic flaw that Sophocles gives Oedipus is hubris (exaggerated pride or self-confidence), which is what caused Oedipus to walk right into the fate he sought to escape. Pride like that of Oedipus hadRead MoreOedipus the King1065 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’ use of irony is amongst the greatest of all time, as demonstrated masterfully in Oedipus the King. He displays both ambition and understated humour by using irony in diverse ways, both cosmic and dramatic, as well as verbal irony to add a greater level of wit. Every word spoken holds great symbolic weight and those words contribute to a narrative that reflects the gods plans. Adversely the work of Johnathan Swift takes the form of a social satire, combining economic arguments with a sociopoliticalRead MoreOedipus the King1164 Words   |  5 Pagesmen of high reputation and good fortune such as Oedipus.† This attitude, commonly found in men of high station is not specifically identified as pride in the case of Oedipus and, indeed, different readings can place Oedipus’ great flaw in a number of areas. It seems as if Sophocles intended to emphasize the more common interpr etation of Oedipus’ flaw being excessive pride, but other interpretations, such as Pier Paolo Pasolini’s 1967 film Oedipus Rex, present other possibilities as the main characterRead MoreOedipus The King, Or Oedipus Rex1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous probably being Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, or Oedipus Rex. For a play to be considered a tragedy, it must have a tragic hero. According to Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero, they must be a decent moral person, of high social standing who eventually meets with a tragic downfall, of their own doing, suffering more than deserved, and realizing their error too late. In the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the epitome of a tragic hero. Oedipus Rex was generally a â€Å"good† person; heRead MoreOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature that distinguishes Oedipus as a true hero. The theme of the evolutionRead MoreOedipus The King, And Oedipus At Colonus1343 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus, a play written by Sophocles, has become a staple in the study of a Tragic hero in classic literature. When this was written in the fifth century, theatre was more than a means of entertainment but almost a religious event. Robert Fagles goes even further by saying tha t†theatre was not only a religious festival; it was also an aspect of the city’s political life.† (Fagles) . Greek dramas were presented only twice a year during religious festivals that honored Dionysus, the god of winesRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus Oedipus The King 1152 Words   |  5 Pagesreading Oedipus the King. The number of times the words â€Å"see† or â€Å"blind† are in the play make it make it undeniably obvious that they are significant. The theme is developed throughout the dialogue, through characters such as Tiresias and Oedipus, and also directly in the irony of the play. It is important in a play about the truth because almost every character was â€Å"blind† to the truth. All of the characters, except one, can physically see, but mentally cannot see the truth. Oedipus seems to

How Society Views Mental Health Changed over Time Free Essays

School of Health and Social Care Psychology of Health and Illness unit Observational record template What happened Initial thoughts Whilst at work I saw the nurse take bloods from a patient which was a monthly routine for the patient it has always gone ok and the patient has been fine with having her bloods taken before. The nurse told the patient it wouldn’t hurt at all. Something happened whereby the nurse couldn’t get the blood and had to re-attempt the procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on How Society Views Mental Health Changed over Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now The patient also experienced some pain during this procedure which she wasn’t expecting, the patient found this a quite traumatic experience The patient was elderly and appeared confused. The patient became anxious and next time a blood test was due became increasingly worried and reluctant to have the procedure. She appeared frightened of the needle What happened My initial thought was why did the procedure not go to plan and why did the patient react in the way she did. The previous procedure was fine and she knew what it involved she had her arm out ready for her bloods to be taken, she thought it wouldn’t hurt because it has always gone ok for her with minimal distress and pain so she wouldn’t be expecting that experience. Now the behaviour has changed and gets distressed when she sees the nurse with the needle. Another thought would be is she afraid of the nurse or the needle. Does the patient feel under pressure now to have her bloods taken. Initial thoughts One of my family members called may has lost both of her sons in the same year a few years ago they were both identical twins. This caused her to feel very low and had become depressed whilst grieving for her sons. Her husband has recently become disabled and is unable to cope alone at home. It is coming up to the twins birthday and she is feeling low she said to myself that she doesn’t think she can be happy and she always has bad luck. The other day she forgot she was cooking and burnt her food and also has forgot she is suppose to be at work . She has lost a lot of weight since she has been at home more helping her husband. She has been a light smoker most of her life but is not smoking a lot more. May is not the lady’s real name it is used for confidentiality reasons. My first thoughts is that the patient could be stressed after the life events that have occurred There are the daily pressures of work and general life with her still grieving for her sons, then on top her husband is recently disabled. The build up can be the stressor she could suffer with burnout if she is stressed for too long which could also lead back to depression. She is blaming external forces her saying that she always has had bad luck. Her feelings and thoughts in the mind is with her forgetting things, is this because she has other things on her mind due to pressure and replacing her long term memory with new memories. Not many of her needs have been met to achieve a sense of wellbeing. Another thought is how would she cope with the situation in hand which way would she go, good or bad meaning action response or palliative coping. If the patient is controlled by others or feels disempowered then they could become increasingly helpless whereby they completely rely on others and depend on them to make decisions for them this could also Increase stress. This essay will provide a definition of the term psychology and look at a brief history of how psychology originated. It will discuss psychological theorists and look at how their studies influenced how we view psychological concepts today. The essay will relate how psychological studies and theories can inform nursing care. It will outline a selection of psychological approaches such as the biological, humanistic and psychodynamic. It will discuss in further detail and focus upon the behaviourist and cognitive approaches. It will then go on to explore how the observations A and B can be explained within psychological theory. Observation A will apply the behaviourist approach to the situation and try to explore how this theory relates to the observation. It will discuss how a routine procedure could impact upon a person and their behaviours. Observation B will utilise the cognitive approach and apply this to the experiences of a person experiencing stressful life challenges it will explore key issues such as coping and information processing. The concept of Psychology originated from philosophy and biology which are two factors used in psychology today (Eysenck 2009). Psychology represents ‘study of the mind’ (Gross 2005). Psychology is a type of science which studies the behaviour of humans and animals, psychology tries to understand why people behave in certain ways taking into consideration their thoughts and feelings (Eysenck 2009). The term psychology was founded from the Greek word, psyche which means mind, soul or spirit combined with the Latin word logos which means’ the study of’ (Gross 2005). Psychology dates back to ancient civilizations who were interested in workings of the the mind and behaviours (Payne and Walker 2003). Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychological laboratory in 1879 (Glassman 2008). Wundt and his co workers studied the structures that make up the mind, he was the first theorist to use psychology as a self conscious experiment studying perceptions and conscious awareness (Gross 2005). Psychology is relevant to nurses and health care professionals because both nurses and psychologists seek to understand the range of needs of an individual (Barker 2007). They also look at ways of adapting behaviours to make it possible for the individual to achieve a sense of well being. Barker 2007). According to the NMC (2008) nursing focuses on the individual as a whole taking in their physical, psychological, social or cultural needs rather than a specific aspect of an individual. Psychology gives nurses an insight into human behaviour and can inform them when providing care for people (Payne and Walker 2003). There are certain psychological based therapies in place such as person centred counselli ng and cognitive behavioural therapy to help people deal with anxiety and depression (Gross 2005). The biological approach assumes that our individual behaviour and experiences happen because of the activity in the nervous system (Glassman and Hadad 2004). Our central nervous system (CNS) is made up of neurons which are billions of nerve endings within the body (Glassman and Hadad 2004). According to this approach it is believed that a person’s thoughts feelings and actions are caused by the CNS (Livingstone 2009). Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was the first to suggest that we should view behaviour from a biological perspective. He saw the importance of children resembling their arents and the variations in humans and how individuals inherit genes as a cause of evolution (Eysenck 2009). The humanistic approach concentrates on a person’s individual perceptions and understanding of their own actions (Payne and Walker 2003). Individuals have their own free will to choose how they act in situations(Gross 2005). Carl Rogers explored the theory of self concept (Gross 2005). H e believed individuals are at their happiest when they have a positive regard of themselves, to achieve this status they must have an unconditional positive regard from other individuals (Payne and Walker 2003). If the individual does not have this they will not achieve a sense of worth. Abraham Maslow suggested the person centred theory of the hierarchy of needs ( 1943 cited Barker 2007). This suggests individuals have a responsibility to themselves to reach self actualization (Barker 2007). This theory is popular in the health profession because it looks at a person as a whole (Eysenck 2009). The psychodynamic approach suggests behaviour forms from our unconscious mind (Glassman and Hadad 2004). The forces in a person’s personality motivate different types of behaviour for example the unconscious and subconscious (Glassman and Hadad 2004). Sigmund Freud influenced the psychodynamic approach through his psychoanalytic theory of personality (WJEC 2009). Behaviour can be influenced by three parts of the mind; Id, Ego and Superego (Gross 2005). Id is an impulsive part of an individual’s personality, the Id influences basic biological drives such as eating and drinking (Glassman and Hadad 2004) . The aim of Id is to get what you need at any cost to maintain basic survival needs (WJEC 2009). The Ego is where individuals become rational, the ego balances the needs of the Id and Superego. The superego understands right from wrong, it rationalises behaviour that is learnt by parents and other surrounding influences (WJEC 2009). The ego will protect itself from unwanted thoughts for example painful memories can be pushed into the unconscious mind which can then be forgotten (Glassman and Hadad 2004). It is suggested behaviour is influenced by childhood experiences, while in the stage of childhood the ego is not developed enough to deal with a life event such as a traumatic experience (WJEC 2009). The behaviourist approach assumes the way we behave is the result of an experience, the approach looks at the environmental stimuli which could be an experience and how this influences the way in which someone learns (Glassman and Hadad 2004). Watson researched ways in which this theory could be measured and observed (Glassman and Hadad 2004). One of his studies was the ‘Little Albert’ whereby he thought children have three basic emotional reactions fear, rage, and love. He wanted to prove these three reactions could be conditioned in children. Watson used Albert to test his theory, He repeatedly presented Albert a rat in combination with a sudden, loud noise to classically condition fear (Gross 2005). ). Ivan Pavlov researched classical conditioning, while looking at the salivation of dogs he noticed what he called psychic salivation (Gross 2005). This is where a dog would salivate before it was given food (Gross 2005). Pavlov founded a basis for what we now call classical conditioning (Glassman and Hadad 2004). The theorist Skinner researched operant conditioning, one of his studies was a ‘skinner box’. A rat or pigeon would be studied doing certain tasks for example pushing a lever in the box for a reward thus becoming conditioned (Gross 2005). There are two forms of conditioning; classical and operant. Within classical conditioning an unconditioned response (UR) is when a response is not conditioned (Eysenck 2009). A neutral stimulus (NS) is the object which causes the UR (Gross 2005). The conditioned stimuli (CS) is an object which is associated with the NS pairing these two together after a number of attempts will soon create a conditioned response (CR) which would be classical conditioning (Eysenck 2009). If the CS is used by its self for a while the response will become extinct, after extinction it is possible to introduce the NS again and this creates spontaneous recovery (Eysenck 2009). In operant conditioning there are positive reinforces which are things given to strengthen the behaviour for example the rats used in the skinner box were given food every time they pushed the button (Gross 2005). A negative reinforce is something which is taken away to increase a behaviour (Glassman and Hadad 2004). Punishment is a form of a negative reinforce this could be something like a slap on the wrists for a child showing naughty behaviour this may result in a decrease of the response (Glassman and Hadad 2004) This essay will discuss how the behaviourist approach can be applied to observation A and how conditioning applies. Within classical conditioning the neutral stimulus and unconditional stimulus needs to be paired multiple times to achieve the conditioned response. If the patient in the observation viewed the pain as a traumatic experience then the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus ill only need to be paired once to get the conditioned response. Before learning the neutral stimulus would be the needle and the unconditioned response would be the patient in distress. The unconditioned stimulus would be the pain so during the observation, the needle is the neutral stimulus which before would give the patient no response. Then during the procedure the neutral stimulus (needle) gives the patient an unpleasant pain which is the unconditioned response. The next time the patient’s routine bloods were due when she saw the needle which is the conditioned stimulus it gave the patient distress which is the conditioned response. Applying the approach to the observation the patient appears to have been classically conditioned. This is because before the observation when the patient had the procedure they appeared fine. During the observation the patient appeared to experience pain which lead her to become distressed because of the discomfort. After the conditioning when the nurse came in the room the patient associated the procedure with the pain so was scared to have the procedure, she is showing signs of fear when associating needle and pain. Although the needle could be viewed as a NS the nurse also could be, because in the patients mind the nurse gave her the pain. Other factors could also incorporate conditioning such as the environment for example if the patient was hot and uncomfortable can also be a trigger for becoming distressed. The cognitive approach looks at the role of the thought processes within the mind such as memory and information processing (Payne and Walker 2003). Cognitive psychologists are interested with brain thoughts that guide and cause different behaviour (Gross 2005). Until the 1990’s the cognitive approach only assumed how information was stored in the brain (Glassman and Hadad 2004). More enhanced technology including brain imaging techniques which helped psychologists and neuroscientists to map out brain function in coalition with behaviour (Payne and Walker 2003). Studies have shown that the relationships between thinking and languages can influence the way we think (Payne and Walker 2003). The information processing model has broadened our understanding of memory and problem solving (Glassman and Hadad 2004). Cognitive psychologists see the human mind as an information processor; we take the information from an environment and interpret in our own way to produce behaviour (Glassman and Hadad 2004). The response model of stress defines stress as the reactions of the person by the demands (Gross 2005). Stress can fall under 3 categories stress can be a stimulus, response or an interaction between an individual and its environment (Gross 2005). The categories of stress can correspond to the three models of stress (Cox 1978 cited in Gross 2005). Holmes and Rahe (1967 cited Eysenck 2009) developed the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS) to assess life events. They suggested that if a person has had many life events they are likely to be stressed (Gross 2005). Rotter (1966 cited Gross 2005) found that life events are more stressful if their locus of control was external. An external locus of control means that their behaviour is guided by fate, luck or other external circumstances such as other people (Barker 2007). According to Martin Seligman (1967 cited in Gross 2005), learned helplessness can happen when individuals have no control over their life or situation. They begin to think they are helpless, people who have learned helplessness appear to miss the opportunities to help change their situation (Gross 2005). Walter Canon (1932) suggested the principle of the fight or flight response, fight or flight means we prepare ourselves for attack harm or threat, when an individual is stressed the body reacts to make the fight or flight response (Gross 2005). According to Gross (2005) Hans Selye (1956) further developed this to create the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). GAS stands for the body’s way of defending against stress, individuals will act in response to any stressor in the same way within the body (Gross 2005). According to Gross (2005) coping means dealing with a situation to act and overcome a situation. Cohen and Lazarus (1979) classified different ways in which individuals cope (Eysenck 2009). Direct coping is when a person deals with the situation by changing, or removing the stressor. The individual looks at the situation to understand it, then if a similar stressor arises the individual can deal with it (Gross 2005). Emotion focused coping looks at trying to take away the off putting emotion to make the individual feel better for example ignoring the stress and doing something that makes the individual feel good (Gross 2005). Palliative coping is when the individuals turn to relief which is short term they will change the internal environment for example alcohol (Gross2005). When applying the cognitive approach to observation B, May appears to be stressed. The information processing model has taken the information from the stimulus which is May’s ife events which and interpreted it into stress (Glassman and Hadad 2004). This applies to the information processing model because she is taking information from the environment and situation to interpret it in her own way formulating negative thoughts and behaviours (Gross 2005). She is responding to the events that have occurred in her life, for example her sons dying and her husband becoming recently disabled, she has had to try and balance he r daily life demands and incorporate caring for her husband at the same time. When there is an imbalance it is likely stress can occur, this applies to May. According to the SRRS May has had many major life events which can cause her a high level of stress and she had already suffered with depression which is proved to be significant on the scale (Eysenck 2009). May’s locus of control is external, this is because according to May she does not think she will ever be happy again, and she has bad luck her emotions are low so her helplessness can result in stress (Barker 2007). May also maybe stressed due to the fight or flight response, this is because she is perceiving her life experiences and current situation as a threat (Gross 2005). May has not yet seen any opportunity to help herself from this stress she has not yet looked at a way of removing the stress if she stays in this situation she may have learned helplessness (Gross 2005). Applying to Mays way of coping, she appears to be palliative coping, this is because she has turned to short term relief such as smoking which is changing her internal environment (Gross 2005). In conclusion this essay has given a definition of psychology, It has understood why psychology is relevant to the nursing profession. The essay has given an overview of the biological approach which assumes that person’s behaviour happens because of the CNS. It has also given an overview of the humanistic approach which explains a person has their own perceptions and understanding of their actions, the approach is more relevant to nursing because it takes into consideration the whole aspects of a person to help achieve self actualisation. The essay has given an overview of the psychodynamic approach which suggests that behaviour forms from our unconscious mind. It has given an explanation of the behaviourist approach explaining classical and operant conditioning. Then given an overview of how this approach has applied to observation A, using classical conditioning. Finally this essay has explained the cognitive approach relating it to the model of stress coping and explained how observation B can be demonstrated within the cognitive approach. References Barker. S. , 2007. Vital notes for nurses: Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell publishing. Glassman. W and Hadad. M. , 2004. Approaches to psychology. 4th edition. Buckingham: open university press. Gross. R. , 2005. Psychology the Science of Mind and Behaviour. 5th edition. London: Green Gate. Livingstone. C. , 2009. Psychology and sociology applied to medicine. 3rd edition. London: Harcourt publishers. Nursing and Midwifery council. , 2008. The code. UK: nursing midwifery council. Available from: http://www. nmc-uk. org/Documents/Standards/The-code-A4-20100406. df [accessed 14/02/12] Payne. S. and Walker. J. , 2003. Psychology for nurses and the caring professionals. Berkshire: Open university press. Royal College of Nursing. , 2003. P. 3, Defining Nursing. London: The Royal College of Nursing. Available from: http://www. rcn. org. uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/78569/001998. pdf [accessed 14/02/12] WJEC. , 2009. Psychology AS. Dublin: Folens publishers. available from: http://onlineclassroom. tv/files/pos ts/the_psychodynamic_approach_free_chapter/document00/WJEC_AS_Ch_03. pdf [accessed 9/02/12] How to cite How Society Views Mental Health Changed over Time, Papers

Value of Employer

Comparison Contrast of Employees-at-Will and Right-to-Work Employer-employee relationships refer to a professional way in which an employee receives orders from the boss. An employee-at-will has the right to work. However, an employer can terminate the services such an employee offers at any time. In some cases if there are certain rules that should be followed before firing an employee-at-will, they cannot be overlooked.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Value of Employer-Employee Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If a scenario like that takes place, the employee can sue the employer. Representation by workers’ union ensures that employee-at-will’s right to work is not violated by their employers. Joining a union guarantees that employees do not lose their hard-earned jobs at an employers’ wish. Employers should at all times ensure that public policy regarding employment and laying off of workers are not violated. (Lobotero, 2008) Legality or Illegality of Firing an Employee-at-will It can be legal to fire an employee-at-will unless there had been made a written agreement earlier. Legal angles have to be considered by an employer to avoid being sued by an employer for damages. There have been cases in which employers promise to employ workers-at-will on permanent or contract terms. If there was a written document with these promises, an employer who fires an employee-at-will can be sued for damages. That is why they do not make legally binding promise in most cases. (Wrongful Termination: Was your Firing Illegal? n.d) Discrimination at the workplace Among the many cases that involve discrimination at the workplace, the issue of HIV stands out as one of the most common case of discrimination. Despite people being aware of HIV/AIDS and how it is spread, victims of this disease continue facing discrimination at their workplaces. Mathew Cusick faced this t ype of discrimination as well. Cusick knowingly made the company know about his HIV status. Cirque, who was his employer, had to lay off Mathew because he did not want Mathew to spread the disease to other employers. Cusick’s job was terminated immediately despite the fact that doctors had stated that he had been medically fit. This resulted in Cirque facing a lawsuit. He had to pay Mathew damages of almost $600,000 including $40,000 which covered the fees of the attorney. It was also ordered that Cirque’s employees had to undergo training on issues that dealt with discrimination at the workplace. (Gorenberg, 2004)Advertising Looking for assessment on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis of Gender wage gap There exists a gap between the genders in terms of wages. The country with the largest gender gap, for example, Yemen, has made progress towards its reducing. Countries in the North-Western Europ e like Norway, among others, enjoy very small gender wage gaps as compared to those in the other parts of the world. One of the ways to reduce such a difference in earnings is to increase the economic empowerment of women by presenting them with more educational and political opportunities. Quotas that have been set by certain institution regarding jobs for women can also bridge the wage gap between men and women. (Zahidi and Brennan, 2012) Views on Doctrines of Comparable Worth I do not agree with the doctrine of comparable worth which says that â€Å"it’s impossible to measure the true value of a job†. In my view, job’s true value can be measured using the roles performed by an employee, the number of employees that are under the direct command of a supervisor, among other criteria. These factors may be used to determine the amount of salary an employee gets. References Gorenberg, H. (2004). Confronting HIV Discrimination in the Workplace: A Case Study. Human Rights and HIV/AIDS. 31(4), 16-19. Web. Lobotero. (2008). Employment-At-Will vs Right-To-Work. Web. Wrongful Termination: Was Your Firing Illegal?  Web. Zahidi, S. (Producer). (2012). WEF’s Zahidi Says Wage Gap Remains Wide. United States: Bloomberg. Web.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Value of Employer-Employee Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This assessment on Value of Employer-Employee Relationships was written and submitted by user Dark Wasp to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.