Effects Of Coffee And Caffeine - 728 Words

â€Å"Did you know that over 400 million cups of coffee and 3.8 billion gallons of tea are consumed per day worldwide?† (Bytes, 2003/2017) Both of these beverages are drunk on daily biases for the same effect. That effect is caffeine. Caffeine is â€Å"a crystalline compound that is found especially in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system.† Everyone in the world thrives off these drinks. They need coffee and tea to â€Å"get them through the day.† The reason so many people drink tea and coffee is that people do not get enough sleep at night therefore throughout the day in order for them to function they consume tea and or coffee. Coffee and tea have effects that give humans a boost. These effects allow them to thrive†¦show more content†¦They also both have polo phenols found inside them. A polyphone is â€Å"a kind of chemical that (at least in theory) may protect against some common health problems and possibly cer tain effects of aging.† (1996-2017 Medicine Net, Inc) Some of these lasting benefits are that tea and coffees components help reduce the risk of cancers, olteraporasis, diabetes, and mellitus. Tea and coffee have a wide range of differences. For instance, tea as a whole is a better choice for you to drink. The reason tea is better is that tea has been proven to lessen the risk of esophageal cancer in women by 60%, prevent Parkinsons disease, improve bone density, decrease blood pressure, helps ease digestion and decrease the risk of a stroke. Tea also helps fend against dieses in your body. â€Å"Among other things, it contains â€Å"polyphones†Ã¢â‚¬â€antioxidants that repair cells and in doing so, may help our bodies fight help us fend off cardiovascular diseases, cancers, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus and other maladies. And contrary to popular belief, it’s not just green tea that’s good for you. Black, white and red tea also has health-giving fla vonoids and polyphones.† (Mascercola, 2017 Romantic Homes) This will allow your body to stay as healthy as possible. Drinking tea compared to coffee is a better choice. Coffee has properties in its components that raise cholesterol. â€Å"Having high cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in artery walls. This buildupShow MoreRelatedCoffee Daily: Windows to the World1571 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world wake up to a cup of coffee but is this harmful or beneficial? Research shows that the pros to coffee, at responsible amounts per day, outweigh the cons or negative effects of coffee and even have the same effects as medicines given over the counter at pharmacy or even prescribed by a pharmacist. Many people just drink coffee without even knowing the location of where coffee began but this can be very crucial to the understanding to finding the benefits of coffee. â€Å"In the Ethiopian highlandsRead MoreThe Impact of Drinking too Much Caffeine1275 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to an article from Caffeine Informer(2010), caffeine intoxication is now included in the DSM-5 physicians manual.The official diagnosis can be made when any 5 of the following symptoms are present: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis (you keep passing urine), gastrointestinal disturbance (upset tummy, diarrhea), muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, or psychomotor agitationRead MoreThe Effect of Caffeine on Plant Growth826 Words   |  4 PagesEffec | Effect of caffeine on plant growth | Description This science fair project was performed to find out the effect on plant growth of adding caffeine to the soil. The experiment was done by using mung bean plants and watering them daily with water, water mixed with caffeine and with a coffee mixture. Hypothesis The mung beans watered using the coffee mixture will grow the fastest. Overview Caffeine and plant growth The effect of adding caffeine to the soil and its effect on plantRead MoreCaffeine Is A Central Nervous System ( Cns ) Stimulant828 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is caffeine? Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, having the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks enjoy great popularity: caffeine is the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive substance. In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily. [1] Many natural sources of caffeine also contain widely varying mixtures of other xanthine alkaloids, including theRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Its Effects On Society1670 Words   |  7 Pagesreal effects of drugs when they are about to use it. In today’s society, there are various types of drugs or substances that are either on the legal or illegal side. Just because a substance is legal does not make it beneficial and vice versa. The main categories of drugs are stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The drug category that I would like to focus on is stimulants. The most heavily and frequently us ed stimulant, which is caffeine. Never does it cross someone’s mind that caffeine canRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1328 Words   |  6 Pages Today how many people drink caffeine daily and do not realize the harmful effects of doing so? Caffeine is found in many common drinks consumed by both adults and children on a daily basis. People are not concerned with the impact of caffeine on their bodies. Caffeine is addictive and the brain will become dependent on it to keep the mind awake. Caffeine keeps the body from falling asleep by blocking the adenosine receptors; adenosine is what makes the person sleepy. Caffeinated drinks are especiallyRead MoreSpeech on Caffeine Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Caffeine Specific purpose: To inform my audience what exactly caffeine is, where it comes from, the benefits of caffeine and the negative effects of caffeine. Introduction A. Attention material: Do you ever feel like you will never make it through the day without caffeine? Is your first thought in the morning to get yourself a cup of coffee before you can even get your day started? B. Tie to the audience: I am sure that most of you do consume at least one form ofRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On College Students Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesembed into the lives of students, caffeine also have become a necessity in student’s daily life as well. The workload of a college student can be overwhelming and it drive students to rely on caffeine. When they rely on caffeine for their body to function, they overlook an important aspect of their health conditions which is getting enough sleep. Losing sleep can make a big impact on a student’s ability to critically think, reason, and judge. Although, caffeine is consider a solution to any student’sRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1454 Words   |  6 Pagesadvised if the person does have this issue to use caffeine very carefully. There are many diseases that could possible get worse with the use of caffeine. Bipolar, Bleeding disorders, heart conditions, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, glaucoma, osteoporos is, these are all diseases that could possibly be worsened by the use of caffeine or products with. In young adults drinking 4 or more cups of coffee significantly could risk heart attack and death. Coffee could stain someone’s teeth, it is also acidicRead MoreInformative Essay On Caffeine900 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine. From your morning cup of coffee to the pain relievers for your headache, nearly 90% of Americans consume it daily, making it America’s most popular drug. Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant around the world and present in many different products including coffee, tea, energy drinks, chocolates, and over-the-counter medications. Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system that can cause physical dependence, but doesn’t threaten the health of the consumer the way addictive

Comparing the Truth in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler Essay

Truth Exposed in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler No other dramatist had ever meant so much to the women of the stage, claimed Elizabeth Robins, the actress who performed the title role in the English-language premier of Hedda Gabler in London in 1891 (Farfan 60). Henrik Ibsen was a Norwegian dramatist and poet whose works are notorious for their unveiling of the truths that society preferred to keep hidden. Ibsen was sensitive to womens issues and through his works, he advocated for womens rights, a controversial issue for a male writer in the 19th century. Although Ibsen has alluded to the fact that he was not a part of the womens movement, his brave portrayal of women in their socially confined positions can earn him†¦show more content†¦Juliana Tesman, a single, childless woman, sees Heddas pregnancy as being good for Heddas husband, George. Miss Tesman states, God bless and keep you, Hedda Tesman-for Georges sake (Ibsen 705). Ibsen displays women, without children, viewing motherhood positively. In both Hedda and Noras circumstances, society demands that their sole purpose is to serve their husbands. Usually, women reach maturity through marriage and after having children. Ibsen chose the opposite as his case. Nora only achieves maturity when she leaves her husband and children. Through her abandonment she was able to receive closure on the aspect of her life that was preventing her from reaching her full potential. Prior to her leaving, Nora explains to Torvald what she must do for her best interests. I have to try to educate myself, she says, You cant help me with that. Ive got to do it alone. And thats why Im leaving you now (Ibsen 192). Torvald responds by saying that she has no right to neglect her duties to her husband and children. Nora explains, I have other duties equally sacred...Duties to myself. I believe that, before all else, Im a human being, no less than you-or anyway, I ought to try to become one (Ibsen 193). Nora reprioritizes her life and realizes that she needs to cater to her personal needs and establish a life of her own before she can tend to the lives of others. Ibsen is implying that the woman

Relative Frequency And Effects Of Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(114) " frequence and strength of inundations in many parts of the universe including India due to current clime change\." Introduction Harmonizing to India catastrophe study 2011, 14 States and one Union Territory of India had experienced at least one catastrophe during the twelvemonth 2011. The harm occurred in footings of figure of human lives lost was 1432 and figure of cowss perished was 6266. In entire 6,84,901 houses were damaged and 16. We will write a custom essay sample on Relative Frequency And Effects Of Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 28 lakh hectares of cropped country were affected. 1 Rank Catastrophe Year of happening Entire figure of people affected 1 Drought 1987 300,000,000 2 Drought 2002 300,000,000 3 Drought 1972 200,000,000 4 Flood 1993 128,000,000 5 Drought 1965 100,000,000 6 Drought 1982 100,000,000 7 Drought 2000 50,000,000 8 Flood 2002 42,000,000 9 Flood 1975 34,000,000 10 Flood 1982 33,500,000 Source- EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net – Universite Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgique Table1.2 Top 10 Natural Disasters in India during 1900-2012 in footings of economic harm Rank Catastrophe Year of happening Damage ( 000 US $ ) 1 Flood 1993 7,000,000 2 Flood 2006 3,390,000 3 Flood 2005 3,330,000 4 Earthquake 2001 2,623,000 5 Storm 1999 2,500,000 6 Flood 2004 2,500,000 7 Flood 2005 2,300,000 8 Storm 1990 2,200,000 9 Flood 2009 2,150,000 10 Flood 2010 1,680,000 Source- EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net – Universite Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgique Droughts and inundations were the catastrophes which affected maximal figure of people in India. Table1.1 shows the top 10 natural catastrophes in India in footings of entire figure of people affected during 1900-2012. In footings of economic harm it was once more the inundations which had caused immense economic losingss to India. Table1.2 shows the top 10 natural catastrophes in India in footings of economic harm during 1900-2012. 1.2 Catastrophe So what is a catastrophe? Let ‘s discuss about it. Disaster is defined as happening of calamity in any country which may be due to natural or manmade causes. It can happen as an accident or due to negligence and may ensue in loss of human life and/or cattle life and/or harm to belongings. It may besides take to debasement of environment. Community of the affected country normally do n’t hold the capacity to get by with the state of affairs without external support. 2 Catastrophes can be classified into two wide types: natural catastrophes and manmade catastrophes. The High Power Committee on catastrophe direction in India, constituted in 1999, has identified 31 different catastrophes which can be categorized into five major groups. 3 I. Water and clime related catastrophes two. Geological catastrophes three. Chemical, industrial and atomic catastrophes four. Accident related catastrophes v. Biological catastrophes 1.2.1 Disaster direction Disaster direction is necessary non merely for prompt response during catastrophe but for bar of it and for decrease of hazard and badness of any catastrophe. It is a uninterrupted and incorporate procedure of planning, organizing, organizing and implementing different activities and steps. It includes readiness, appraisal of magnitude of effects, prompt response such as emptying, deliverance and alleviation. It besides includes rehabilitation and reconstruction.2 A typical catastrophe direction rhythm has six elements ; the pre-disaster stage comprises of bar, extenuation and readiness while the post-disaster stage comprises of response, rehabilitation, Reconstruction and recovery. 4 Traditionally, direction of any catastrophe worldwide, focussed on immediate deliverance and alleviation operation, so as in India. After the Great Famine of 1876-1878 in India, the Famine Commission was constituted in 1880. The Famine Relief Code was besides adopted. 5 Relief sections were set up under British regulation for exigencies during catastrophes. After independency, catastrophe direction in each province was looked after by Relief Commissioners, under Cardinal Relief Commissioner. Their function were limited to distribution of alleviation stuff in the affected countries. 3 Consequent upon announcement of the decennary 1990-2000 as International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction ( IDNDR ) by the general assembly of the United Nations 6 and the universe conference on natural catastrophes decrease at Yokohama, Japan in 1994, Government of India constituted a High Powered Committee in August, 1999. 7 The High Power Committee gave its recommendations in October 2001 including a bill of exchange of the catastrophe direction measure and suggested for the constitution of National Disaster Management Authority. 3, 5 After Odisha Super Cyclone ( 1999 ) and Gujarat Earthquake ( 2001 ) , India changed its catastrophe direction attack from reactive to proactive. 8 After the super cyclone, the Government of Odisha established the Odisha State Disaster Management Authority ( OSDMA ) . 5 1.2.2 Relative frequence and effects of catastrophes World meteoric organisation statistics shows that harm caused by natural catastrophes during 1963-2002 was worst for inundations ( Flood-32 % , Tropical cyclone-30 % , Droughts-22 % , Earthquakes-10 % and other disasters-6 % ) . 3 78.4 % of all catastrophe events worldwide occur due to hydro-meteorological causes and 47.94 % of all catastrophe deceases worldwide are due to hydro-meteorological catastrophes from 1900 to 2009. 3 Children and adult females are the most vulnerable group as 85 % of the deceases during catastrophes are of adult females and kids. 3 1.3 Flood Flood is defined as ‘the status that occurs when H2O overflows the natural or unreal confines of a watercourse, river, or other organic structure of H2O, or accumulates by drainage over low-lying countries ‘ . 9 Flood can happen in a little localised country due to heavy rainfall over a sustained period of clip and the attendant drainage job. Flash implosion therapy occurs when it rains excessively rapidly, by and large for less than six hours. But river inundations are normally of longer continuance as it may last a hebdomad or more and in some instances for months together doing more harm to human lives and farm animal. Coastal inundations are caused by tsunami, heavy costal rainfall and tidal action.10 River inundations are expected in some geographical countries. Peoples by and large welcome inundations as they provide rich dirt for cultivation and H2O for assorted intents. But flood at an unexpected graduated table and with inordinate frequence causes harm to lives, farm animal and the environment. Matter of concern is that, there is addition in the frequence and strength of inundations in many parts of the universe including India due to current clime change. You read "Relative Frequency And Effects Of Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples"11 1.3.1 Flood in India The Indian sub-continent is extremely vulnerable to assorted types of natural catastrophes like drouths, inundations, cyclones, temblors, and landslides etc. India is one of the 10 worst catastrophe prone states of the universe. 3 Among all these natural catastrophes that occur in the state, river inundations are the most frequent and frequently the most annihilating. In India, 40 million hectares of land which is about one-eighth of the entire country of the state is prone to inundations. Flood occurs in 23 out of entire 35 provinces and brotherhood districts in the state. 3 To command inundation in the state, The National Flood Control Program was launched in India in 1954. 3 1.3.2 Flood in Odisha Odisha province which is situated in the east seashore of India is one of the most vulnerable Indian provinces to climate change.12 It is located between 170 48 ‘ N and 220 35 ‘ N latitudes, and 810 47 ‘ E and 870 32 ‘ E longitudes. 1 The chief rivers of Odisha are Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Budhabalanga, Subarnarekha, Rushikulya etc. These rivers are perennial with sulky flow throughout the dry season. With the oncoming of monsoon they swell threateningly and deluge big countries. 1 Odisha experiences terrible inundations in about every two old ages. 13 1.3.3 Flood in Kendrapara territory of Odisha Kendrapara territory is one of the coastal territories of Odisha. After separation from Cuttack territory as a separate territory in 1993, Kendrapara has faced terrible inundations in 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 13and late in 2011.14 Harmonizing to India catastrophe study 2011, Kendrapara territory was severely hit by inundation in 2011. All the nine development blocks in the territory were affected. 473 small towns of 116 Gram Panchayats and two Urban Local Bodies ( ULBs ) were affected. Entire figure of population affected were 507145 ( Third highest after 625897 in Puri territory and 526923 in Cuttack territory ) with 13 human casualties ( Highest in the province ) . 27000 houses were damaged ( Second highest after Puri territory ) including kuchha and pucca houses. 1 1.3.4 Health effects of inundation Floods are frequently considered the most frequent and dearly-won of all natural catastrophes in footings of human agony and economic loss.15 Health impacts of inundation vary between populations and these depend on the physical exposure of population, single every bit good as community readiness and the type and continuance of flood event. The immediate wellness effects of inundation can be submerging, hurt, acute asthma, tegument roseolas, stomach flu, and respiratory infections. The mid-term effects of inundation are infected lesions, toxic condition, catching diseases, and famishment. The long-run wellness effects of inundation can be disablement, hapless mental wellness and malnutrition. 16 Approximately two-thirds of the flood deceases can be attributed to submerging. This implies that other one-third human deaths are due to causes other than submerging, such as physical injury, bosom onslaught, fire, C monoxide toxic condition and electrocution.17 In inundation state of affairss, there are ever increased opportunity of transmittal of diseases like cholera, cryptosporidiosis, infantile paralysis, rotavirus, enteric fever and paratyphoid, particularly in countries if the community does non hold entree to safe imbibing H2O and sanitation.18 Common mental upsets like anxiousness, depression and posttraumatic emphasis upset are common after a nerve-racking event of an exceptionally baleful nature like terrible inundation. 18 These may attest with symptoms like upseting memories, turning away of fortunes associated with the stressor, sleep perturbations, crossness and deficiency of concentration.18 Loss of cherished ownerships in inundation can hold much more impact than fiscal losingss. 19 One survey found a four times increase in unwellnesss among people whose places were flooded compared with those whose places were non flooded.20 Referrals to infirmaries were more than double from the flooded families than not flooded families for the old ages following the inundations in Europe. 21 One community degree survey in rural Odisha, India shows that exposure to inundations is associated with long-run malnutrition. Children who are exposed to inundations during their first twelvemonth of life show higher degrees of chronic malnutrition compared to the kids who are non exposed to deluge during their infancy.22 1.4 Public wellness system and inundation Public wellness system should stay prepared to supply exigency services to the community as the demand may increase all of a sudden when inundation strikes the community. 23 but public wellness systems face tonss of jobs in pull offing the inundation state of affairs. 1.4.1 Problems Flood can hold impact on the public wellness attention systems in two ways. The direct impact is due to structural harm to wellness installations and the secondary impact is through other direction jobs. 24 Scarcity of resources reduces the ability of the wellness system to react efficaciously. 25 Public wellness systems besides face jobs in presenting services due to population supplanting and power failure. Population supplanting leads to herding and sanitation job around the impermanent colonies. This may take to outbreak of diseases. 26 Water intervention workss may halt working due to power failure job during inundations. This increases the hazard for waterborne diseases. Power failure job besides affects proper operation of wellness installations such as care of cold concatenation. 26 Disease surveillance in affected countries is of import to understand the impact of inundation on diseases. But acquiring accurate and timely information during inundation is often disputing. 26 Healthcare instantly after inundation is frequently delivered by many bureaus and organisations. Coordination among them at that clip becomes a challenge. 26 1.4.2 Readiness In general inundation readiness steps include building of dikes, land usage planning, watershed direction, inundation prediction and warning system, inundation eventuality planning and readiness of community for self-defense activity and capacity edifice programmes. 11 Public and the public governments ever focus on structural intercessions that modify and control the velocity and the force of flood.10 Primary wellness Centres under public wellness system are the chief wellness attention establishments in rural countries to cover with wellness impacts of catastrophes. 27, 28 Poor people are more likely to be affected than the wealthier, when public wellness establishments are affected. 29 To cut down the wellness impacts on a population significantly, wellness system should hold information on impending inundation. 30 Flood readiness planning for public wellness system should be an on-going procedure. It should embrace all stakeholders so that the corporate wisdom can be utilised to cut down the impact of inundation, to take necessary action during the inundation event and to take up proper rehabilitation and recovery activities. 31 but it is a common fact that public wellness planning processes in most of the states including India are based on premises and guesss instead than grounds. 27 1.4.3 Community National Disaster Management Authority ( NDMA ) has advised the Ministry of Panchayati Raj and Rural Development to turn to the concerns of catastrophe direction in the preparation of representatives of the Panchayati Raj Institutions and local organic structures. Women Self Help Groups ( SHGs ) , Anganwadi workers and adult females voluntaries are playing a lead function in catastrophe direction readiness. Accredited Social Health Activist ( ASHA ) workers are besides easing first assistance and hunt and deliverance preparation for big figure of people. 8 So community should be cognizant about their exposure and strength. They are themselves the first respondents to any type of catastrophes. Education and preparation of the general community in first assistance and resuscitation decidedly helps in salvaging many lives before formal medical assistance reaches the catastrophe site. Evaluations of developing plans on first assistance and resuscitation have shown good consequences. Contingency plans and extenuation programs for inundation become successful merely when the planning procedure involves all the community members and it take into history the bing societal constructions and dynamics.32 It has been estimated that, 80-90 per centum of wellness attention demands in the first 24 hours after inundation strikes the community can be managed by trained voluntaries from the community itself. This besides reduces the work load on the public wellness system. 33 1.4.4 Public wellness workers Enrolling and retaining human resources in public wellness system is an all clip challenge. There is acute deficit of human resources in rural countries and it is felt clearly during catastrophes like inundation. 34 But Training of available human resource in flood direction can cut down the service spread during inundation well. 35 Training and capacity edifice of wellness forces is one of the most of import elements of catastrophe readiness program of public wellness system. Trained work force shows assurance in managing exigency state of affairss. Evaluation of preparation and capacity edifice activities are normally done by comparing pre-tests and post-tests36 but the existent rating of competence and effectivity occurs as the jeopardy strikes the community. Training besides helps to detect inadequacies in accomplishments, determination pickings pattern and information systems. 37 Training should hold theory Sessionss based on success narratives elsewhere in the universe and mock Sessionss supplying accomplishments to cover with the practical job. The most of import thing is that there should be refresher preparations on a regular basis with regular updating of cognition. 38 There should be more capacity edifice activities for community degree wellness workers as they are the first contact points for the community in exigency state of affairss like inundation. These activities should be based on recognized scientific attacks but adapted to the local culture.39 1.5 Public wellness system in Odisha Commissioner-cum-secretary of section of wellness is the administrative caput of the section and studies to the wellness curate. Nine managers and the drug accountant of Odisha study straight to the commissioner-cum-secretary. These managers are Mission Director, National Rural Health Mission ( NRHM ) ; Project Director, Odisha State AIDS Control Society ( OSACS ) ; Director, Medical Education and Training ; Director, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre ( AHRCC ) ; Director, Family Welfare ; Director, Health Services ; Director, Public Health ; Director, State Institute of Health and Family Welfare ( SIHFW ) ; Director, Indian System of Medicine ( ISM ) and Homeopathy. Commissioner-cum-secretary is besides helped by secretaries at assorted degrees such as particular secretary, extra secretary, joint secretary, deputy secretary and under secretary. ( Annexure-1 ) District wellness disposal is headed by head territory medical officer. Public wellness system below territory degree has been described in the subdivision 3.1 ( Health system in the survey territory ) of consequence chapter. Table1.3 gives an thought about the figure of public wellness attention establishments in Odisha which provide services to entire population of 41,947,358 ( Rural 34,951,234 and Urban 6,996,124 ) in Odisha.40 Medical College and Hospitals 3 District Hospitals ( 30 territories + Capital Hospital, Bhubaneswar A ; Rourkela General Hospital ) 32 Sub-Divisional Hospitals 26 Community Health Centres 377 Other Hospitals 79 Primary Health Centres 1228 Sub-Centres 6688 Ayurvedic Hospitals 2 Ayurvedic College A ; Hospitals 3 Ayurvedic Dispensaries 619 Homoeopathic College A ; Hospitals 4 Homoeopathic Dispensaries 561 Unani Dispensaries 9 Source- Annual Activity Report 2011-12, Health and Family Welfare Department, Government of Odisha. 1.5.1 Public wellness system response to inundation in Odisha Directorate of Public Health in Odisha has been created by a declaration of Department of Health A ; Family Welfare in 2009. Disaster direction is one of the chief activities of the board of directors. 14 The State unit of Integrated Disease Surveillance Project ( IDSP ) becomes the province control room during inundation. During 2011 inundation, 135 medical alleviation squads were deployed and 482 Medical Relief Centers were opened in the inundation affected districts.141,73,374 packages of ORS and 52,74,613 Halogen tablets were distributed. 1 1.6 Rationale for the survey Successful direction of wellness impacts of inundation depends on the coordination of assorted sections and bureaus with the wellness section, cooperation from the community and leading of the wellness section. This can merely be achieved by bettering the apprehension of wellness hazards in local scenes and of the societal and cultural qualifiers of those risks.17 Research on inundation hazards and response has mostly focused on economic sciences, support and agribusiness. Very few researches have given attending to wellness dimension of inundation. 41 A study of primary wellness centres in Jagatsinghpur territory of Odisha, surrounding territory of Kendrapara was done instantly after 2008 inundation. The aims were to measure the readiness and functional capacity of primary wellness centres in the territory for inundation response. Pretested questionnaire was used to interview medical officers merely. Health workers and other back uping staffs were non interviewed. 42 No mentions of survey conducted in Kendrapara territory which tries to understand the wellness hazards of community and wellness staffs, inter and intra wellness section work kineticss, outlook and cooperation of community and community based organisations in flood state of affairss were found. This survey is an effort to understand these local wellness system kineticss which can be utilized to alter the policy for better readiness of wellness system to pull off and extenuate the inauspicious wellness impacts of inundation in Kendrapara territory. 1.7 Aims of the survey aˆ? To analyze the major jobs encountered by public wellness workers in presenting the services after inundation aˆ? To analyze the readiness of public wellness workers for pull offing inundation state of affairs aˆ? To happen out the capacity spreads of public wellness workers in covering with inundation state of affairs How to cite Relative Frequency And Effects Of Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Sublimation of Dry Ice in Water free essay sample

Purpose Dry ice is just frozen carbon dioxide (-78 C), CO2 is kind of interesting as, unlike water, when it is cooled at atmospheric pressure; it goes directly from a gas to a solid! And when warming, it goes directly from a solid to a gas! Liquid CO2 is not stable at atmospheric pressure, however in a CO2 fire extinguisher; the CO2 is liquid (at about 840 psi). However, if one uses the extinguisher, what comes out is partly gaseous CO2 and partly CO2 snow, no liquid! Dry ice is sometimes used when shipping things that need to be frozen because, it doesnt produce melted water or even liquid carbon dioxide) when it warms up, so there’s nothing leaking out of the shipping boxes (except some gaseous carbon dioxide). If it’s put in warm water, fake fog is formed which is sometimes used for plays, mad scientist movies, etc. Sometimes it is used the chemistry labs for cooling purposes (for cold traps or cooling very reactive and unstable materials during reaction). Sometimes, it is even a reactant for chemical synthesis, for example, adding dry ice to a Grignard reagent, followed by an acidic work up will give the corresponding carboxylic acid. How long can dry ice sustain in various temperatures of water (hot, cold, and average)? If the proper temperature of water is found in the lab results, then that can be utilized in many cases. It can be used to store dry ice in packages and shipments for the longest time possible. Some people may not be sure if they want to include hot, cold, or room-temperature water with dry ice in cargos and other transportations. It can also be used for cool effects in stage production or making home-made fog machine. The purpose would be to see which water would make the dry ice sublimate the fastest or the slowest. Experimental Questions 1. Which temperature water will make the dry ice sublimate the fastest? 2. Which temperature water will make the dry ice sublimate the slowest? 3. How does the dry ice sublimate without adding water level in the beaker? 4. How can the lab results be utilized in real life uses? 5. What will be the different water temperatures used in this experimental lab? Preliminary Research What is Dry Ice Dry ice is carbon dioxide is frozen at -109. 3 degrees F. (-78 degrees C. ) but if you defreeze dry ice it would become its gas form called carbon dioxide or better known as CO2. To create dry ice carbon dioxide is first stored in tanks as a liquid and then the creators compress the liquid into dry ice which will melt into a gas at or above a normal room temperature. One cool fact about dry ice is that is that it sublimates faster than the normal ice melts would melt in a room. Sublimation Dry ice can have two states which it can go through, which is | fairly uncommon but sometimes it can skip on of the three states, the state it skips is the liquid state. When it skips the liquid state (and turns straight into a gas from a solid) it is considered to be going through sublimation. Sublimation is the process in which the item doesn’t go through its liquid state, which in this case is when dry ice turns into carbon dioxide without becoming water in other words going through sublimation. Dry ice can be bought because of sublimation; sublimation is a fairly rare ability that few items share. Dry ice is sometimes even used in movies as a smoke or sometimes even just a gas; although it can also be used in a witch’s caldron. It can be used as a prop because it will become carbon dioxide and make it seem that you are really looking at smoke or steam or any other characteristic they can use dry ice to deceive you with. The fog appears from the thermal energy it gets while turning into from its solid form of dry ice into its gas form of carbon dioxide. Chilling Out Most times when a person gets food that he/she is supposed to refrigerate when you get the food it will come cold, which is surprising because it is in a warm truck for a long time. Although it can be other things too, dry ice is an important tool to keep many foods cold or at the temperature it is supposed to be at, so dry ice can be used as a refrigerant while moving from one place to another in a truck or just at a home. Dry ice is also a product in stores and its first large sale was to Breyer Ice cream in 1925 and was bought to be used to keep the ice cream cool. Dry ice is used to cool other foods too like meats and popsicles and most other things that get traveled to your house and sometimes at the grocery store. They keep many things other than food; it is also used to keep the inside of a refrigerator cool so the food inside it doesn’t become warm and not at a healthy temperature. Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. Composed- The manner in which such parts are combined or related. Sublimation-is the process of transformation directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase. Thermal Energy-is the part of the total internal energy of a thermodynamic system or sample of matter that results in the system temperature. The structure of dry ice bonding is listed below. Dry ice structure containing pure carbon Water molecule structure Citations – 1. Carbon Dioxide Comptons by Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online School Edition. 2. Dry Ice American Heritage Student Science Dictionary (2009): 104. Science Reference Center. Web. 3 Sept. 2012. 3. Discovery Education. Web. 13 September 2012. Hypothesis As for hypothesis, there are strong instincts and scientifically-produced imaginations that cold water will make dry ice sublimate at the fastest and hot water will make dry ice sublimate at the slowest. The average/room-temperate water will just in between. Materials 1. 3 beakers, each containing 210 mL of w ater 2. 1. 5 grams of dry ice for each beaker 3. Hot water at 100 Celsius (boiling) 4. Cold water at 10 Celsius (in fridge for 5 minutes) 5. Room-temperature water at 25 Celsius Procedure 1. Fill up one beaker with 210 mL of hot water. 2. Fill up second beaker with 210 mL of cold water. 3. Fill up third beaker with 210 mL of room temperature water. 4. Drop 1. 5 grams of dry ice into each beaker. 5. Wait to see which beaker makes the dry ice sublimate the fastest. 6. Record the results. Data The experiment resulted in multiple results. After 1. 5 grams of dry ice was poured into each beaker, it started to sublimate faster. In matter of around 30 seconds, the beaker with hot water had completely sublimated dry ice. Then, the beaker with average room temperature water had sublimated a minute later. Finally, the beaker with cold water had sublimated after two minutes. Hot water Cold water Room-temperature water Data Analysis The data shows that the beaker containing hot water made the dry ice sublimate the fastest in matter of 30 seconds or so. Then, the beaker with average temperature sublimated the ice in about a minute. Finally, the beaker with cold water sublimated after 2 minutes. So drawing analysis from these tests, it proves as the temperature of water went from hotter to colder value, the dry ice sublimation got even slower. If it was vice versa like if it went from colder to hotter value of temperature, the sublimation would have been way faster. The dependent variable in this experiment would definitely be the dry ice. Independent variable in this experiment would be the water temperature then in this case. Dry ice relied on the temperature of the water for its sublimation. As dry ice was in the beaker, it was releasing carbon dioxide gas during the process. Error Analysis In this experiment, there were few errors and mistakes. The main human error was that the cold beaker at 10 degrees Celsius should have been brought down more to around or close to 0 degrees Celsius. The average temperature beaker should have been around 50 degrees Celsius or so. So that way, hot beaker would be at 100 degrees Celsius. Then, the average beaker would have been synced to 50 degrees Celsius. Finally, the cold beaker would have been 0 degrees Celsius. If this was executed during the lab, then the results would have been more helpful and fairly accurate. Also, dry ice in each beaker should have been weighted at either 1 gram or 2 grams. That would have also made results more fairly correct. Besides some human error, there could have been some little thrown off on devices in this lab. One of them could have been weight scale as it was the old style one and they are known for not being as accurate as digital ones. Other device could have been the device used to measure water temperature. Conclusion The experiment results did not support the hypothesis. In other words, data refuted the hypothesis. As for the hypothesis, we thought cold water would make dry ice sublimate the fastest. It turned out to be actually opposite when hot water beaker proved that it sublimated dry ice the fastest. Data results and analysis proved that dry ice was dependent on the temperature of the water. Hopefully, these results can be used in some useful way in the future especially with the use of dry ice in many scientific fields. Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are for the whole group which is: Christopher Drake, Panut Panusiri, Dana Smith, and Ehsan Subhani. We all played our part of executing the lab experiment, recording the results, making visual aids, making graphs/labels, and finally, putting it altogether into a report. Thanks to Mr. Mattson for approving this science project , explaining the layout of project, and giving us a fair time to do it. Work Cited Goodman, Jeff, Leslie Bradbury, and Joe Murphy. Human Wonder Research: Dry Ice. Human Wonder Research: Dry Ice. Human Wonder Research, n. d. Web. 28 May 2013. lt;http://www. appstate. edu/~goodmanjm/rcoe/hwr/science/dry_ice/dry_ice. htmlgt;. Ken, and Ellen. Dry Ice Information All about Dry Ice. Dry Ice Information All about Dry Ice. DryiceInfo, n. d. Web. 28 May 2013. lt;http://www. dryiceinfo. com/gt;. Dry Ice for Research. Continental Carbonic. Continental Carbonic Products, n. d. Web. 28 May 2013. lt;http://www. continentalcarbonic. com/research. htmlgt;.