To what extent do the problems with practical application of Essay

To what extent do the problems with practical application of performance appraisals affect their effectiveness - Essay Example Human resource management ideology revolves around the policies and practices of organization design and development. It concentrates on learning, employee development, performance and rewards and providing services that enhance the wellbeing of employees in an organization. Performance management is an integral tool in human resource management. Performance management helps managers to ensure that employees are giving their best efforts towards developing the organization. The idea of performance management was first introduced in the field of human resource management in the early 1990s. Despite the fact that employees’ assessment review and objective settings had been in use before the 90s, organizations started to concentrate on individual performance in the early 1990s. Research indicated that among 1800 employees in the United Kingdom, 46% of the employees said 86 per cent used a systematic approach to evaluate employee performance while 20 per cent used the more ambitious performance management systems on their employees (Anderson, 1996: 197). According to Anderson (1996), performance management practices have been used for a longer time in the United States. A study conducted by the Bureau of National affairs showed that in 244 organizati ons that were studied, 90 per cent of them conducted performance appraisal exercises every year. This is a clear indication that performance appraisals were widely used across the globe during that time. With the rapid development of global economy in the past 20 years, performance appraisal has become a tool for increasing productivity among employees in organizations (Gruman and Saks, 2011: 123). In the general performance management process, performance appraisal is a formal and a systematic process for measuring, recording and developing strengths and weaknesses of employees in an organization (Swanepoel, et al., 2000

Research Proposal PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Proposal - PowerPoint Presentation Example A nurse practitioner is a qualified nurse who has additional education and specialization in some particular area. In the USA, NPs must have a master’s degree minimum and 500 to 1,000 hours of training; the education of NPs is guided by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (Rough, 2009). Traditionally, NPs work as doctor supplements providing services which extend services provided by GPs. Now more and more NPs start working as doctor substitutes, having rights to independently provide a wide range of services, usually provided by GPs. The aim of such shift of the NPs role mainly is to address current GPs shortage and to reduce cost of health care services (Dierick-van Daele et al., 2008). The doctor-nurse substitution is much debated in professional literature and in the press; a number of important problems related to permissibility, practicability and efficiency of this innovation have been studied during the last decade. This document presents a proposal for a p iece of research which is aimed to explore the differences between patients’ satisfaction with services provided by NPs in comparison with patients’ satisfaction with services provided by GPs in primary care. In addition, we intend to explore factors influencing on the differences in patients’ satisfaction. We hope that our study will promote an effective process of NPs’ and GPs’ skill mix and substitution and make a contribution in positive changes in the US health system at a whole. Problem Statement The tendency to hire nurse practitioners as a substitute for doctors has intensified during last years. Rough (2009, para.4) cites the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), which estimated that from 2004 to 2009 the number of NPs in the United States has increased by about 40 per cent, amounting to 125,000. Dierick-van Daele et al. (2008) consider four main reasons of the current demand for NPs: â€Å"(1) to overcome a shortage of doctors in particular settings; (2) to improve the quality of care; (3) to advance the career of nurses; and (4) to lower health care costs by employing the ‘lowest cost provider’† (p.481). Many experts agree that today’s nurses may work well not only as doctor supplements, but also as doctor substitutes, in particular in primary care. According to the recent research, from 25% to 70% of GP’s work might be successfully fulfilled by nurses (Laurant, Reeves, Hermens, Braspenning, Grol and Sibbald, 2007). This includes a wide range of activity from diagnosing, testing and prescribing medication to health promotion and routine management of chronic diseases. In several countries and the US states the shift in NPs’ status is supported by legislation, allowing NPs to work independently in various health care fields, including such specific ones as family practice, psychiatry, women health, pediatrics etc. However, there is a certain controversy in the medic al community, as some experts argue about significant risks related to the independent work of NPs in primary care, such as misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. For example, the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners and the American Medical Association hold the opinion that NPs should work only in collaboration with GPs (Rough, 2009). Young

Workplace Observation :: essays research papers

In all the different places I have worked there has always been a dress policy. In the Army we wore BDU’S and I always had to have my hair up. When I started working as a CNA again I had to ware a uniform â€Å"Scrubs† and there again they liked are hair to be up. I think in every job setting there should be a dress code for one it will distinguish you from everyone else and it lets the employees respect their job. Language had never been a real big problem to have to censor in the jobs that I have had. I think as an adult working in a professional setting you know what to say when you can say and where you can say it. Casual dress, a workplace perk acceptable throughout corporate America, is not altogether as common in other parts of the world. . (Tatiana D. Helenius) Sloppiness in dress not only makes a bad impression, but it may cause others to question business credentials or reliability. . (Tatiana D. Helenius) "In the international arena," said DelVecchio, "the words 'conservative, traditional, and formal' still very much apply. If you are not sure, err on the side of formality. Whether in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, or South America, informality and a careless attitude will scuttle even the most talented executive.† (Tatiana D. Helenius) If it's determined among your group that negotiations will be conducted in English, be considerate by avoiding slang terms such as "in the loop," "push the envelope" and "should I CC you on that?" This advice applies to written communications such as faxes, as well. (Tatiana D. Helenius) In political terms, "conflict" refers to an ongoing state of hostility between two groups of people. (Wikipedia: Verbatim copying.) Conflict as taught for graduate and professional work in conflict resolution commonly has the definition: "when two or more parties, with perceived incompatible goals, seek to undermine each other's goal-seeking capability". One should not confuse the distinction between the presence and absence of conflict with the difference between competition and co-operation. In competitive situations, the two or more parties each have mutually inconsistent goals, so that when either party tries to reach their goal it will undermine the attempts of the other to reach theirs. Therefore, competitive situations will by their nature cause conflict. However, conflict can also occur in cooperative situations, in which two or more parties have consistent goals, because the manner in which one party tries to reach their goal can still undermine the other's attempt.

Acct 559 Quiz 1 Solution

Quiz I (Chapters 1and 2) Date: Name: ID: Answer the following Questions: 1. Tower Inc. owns 30% of Yale Co. and applies the equity method. During the current year, Tower bought inventory costing $66,000 and then sold it to Yale for $120,000. At year-end, only $24,000 of merchandise was still being held by Yale. What amount of inter-company inventory profit must be deferred by Tower? A. $6,480 B. $3,240 C. $10,800 D. $16,200 E. $6,610 2. All of the following statements regarding the investment account using the equity method are true except A. The investment is recorded at cost B.Dividends received are reported as revenue C. Net income of investee increases the investment account D. Dividends received reduce the investment account E. Amortization of fair value over cost reduces the investment account3. After allocating cost in excess of book value, which asset or liability would not be amortized over a useful life? A. Cost of goods sold B. Property, plant, & equipment C. Patents D. Goodwill E. Bonds payable4. A company should always use the equity method to account for an investment if A. it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating policies of the investee.B. it owns 30% of another company's stock. C. it has a controlling interest (more than 50%) of another company's stock. D. the investment was made primarily to earn a return on excess cash. E. it does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating policies of the investee.5. An upstream sale of inventory is a sale A. between subsidiaries owned by a common parent. B. with the transfer of goods scheduled by contract to occur on a specified future date. C. in which the goods are physically transported by boat from a subsidiary to its parent. D. ade by the investor to the investee. E. made by the investee to the investor.6. In a situation where the investor exercises significant influence over the investee, which of the following entries is not actually posted to the books of the investor?1) Debit to the Investment account and a Credit to the Equity in Investee Income account.2) Debit to Cash (for dividends received from the investee) and a Credit to Dividend Revenue.3) Debit to Cash (for dividends received from the investee) and a Credit to the Investment account. A. Entries 1 and 2 B. Entries 2 and 3 C. Entry 1 only D.Entry 2 only E. Entry 3 only7. All of the following statements regardi ng the investment account using the equity method are true except A. The investment is recorded at cost B. Dividends received are reported as revenue C. Net income of investee increases the investment account D. Dividends received reduce the investment account E. Amortization of fair value over cost reduces the investment account8. A company has been using the fair-value method to account for its investment. The company now has the ability to significantly control the investee and the equity method has been deemed appropriate.Which of the following statements is true? A. A cumulative effect change in accounting principle must occur B. A prospective change in accounting principle must occur C. A retrospective change in accounting principle must occur D. The investor will not receive future dividends from the investee E. Future dividends will continue to be recorded as revenue9. A company has been using the equity method to account for its investment. The company sells shares and does not continue to have significant control. Which of the following statements is true? A. A cumulative effect change in accounting principle must occur B. A prospective change in accounting principle must occur C. A retrospective change in accounting principle must occur D. The investor will not receive future dividends from the investee E. Future dividends will continue to reduce the investment account10. After allocating cost in excess of book value, which asset or liability would not be amortized over a useful life? A. Cost of goods sold B. Property, plant, & equipment C. Patents D. Goodwill E. Bonds payable11. How are stock issuance costs and direct combination costs treated in a business combination which is accounted for as an acquisition when the subsidiary will retain its incorporation? A. Stock issuance costs are a part of the acquisition costs and the direct combination costs are expensed B. Direct combination costs are a part of the acquisition costs and the stock issuance costs are a reduction to additional paid-in capital C. Direct combination costs are expensed and stock issuance costs are a reduction to additional paid-in capital D. Both are treated as part of the acquisition price E. Both are treated as a reduction to additional paid-in capital12. Lisa Co. paid cash for all of the voting common stock of Victoria Corp. Victoria will continue to exist as a separate corporation. Entries for the consolidation of Lisa and Victoria would be recorded in A. A worksheet B. Lisa's general journal C. Victoria's general journal D. Victoria's secret consolidation journal E. The general journals of both companies13. At the date of an acquisition which is not a bargain purchase, the acquisition method A. Consolidates the subsidiary's assets at fair value and the liabilities at book value B.Consolidates all subsidiary assets and liabilities at book value C. Consolidates all subsidiary assets and liabilities at fair value D. Consolidates current assets and liabi lities at book value, long-term assets and liabilities at fair value E. Consolidates the subsidiary's assets at book value and the liabilities at fair value14. Which of the following statements is true regarding a statutory consolidation? A. The original companies dissolve while remaining as separate divisions of a newly created company B. Both companies remain in existence as legal corporations with one corporation now a subsidiary of the acquiring company C.The acquired company dissolves as a separate corporation and becomes a division of the acquiring company D. The acquiring company acquires the stock of the acquired company as an investment E. A statutory consolidation is no longer a legal option15. In a transaction accounted for using the purchase method where cost is less than fair value which statement is true? A. Negative goodwill is recorded B. A deferred credit is recorded C. Long-term assets of the acquired company are reduced in proportion to their fair values. Any exce ss is recorded as a deferred credit D.Long-term assets of the acquired company are reduced in proportion to their fair values. Any excess is recorded as an extraordinary gain E. Long-term assets and liabilities of the acquired company are reduced in proportion to their fair values. Any excess is recorded as an extraordinary gain16. In a purchase or acquisition where control is achieved, how would the land accounts of the parent and the land accounts of the subsidiary be combined? A. Entry A B. Entry B C. Entry C D. Entry D E. Entry E17. In a pooling of interests, A.Revenues and expenses are consolidated for the entire fiscal year, even if the combination occurred late in the year B. Goodwill may be recognized C. Consolidation is accomplished using the fair values of both companies D. The transactions may involve the exchange of preferred stock or debt securities as well as common stock E. The transaction is properly regarded as an acquisition of one company by another Prior to being united in a business combination, Botkins Inc. and Volkerson Corp. had the following stockholders' equity figures: Botkins issued 56,000 new shares of its common stock valued at $3. 5 per share for all of the outstanding stock of Volkerson.18. Assume that Botkins acquired Volkerson as a purchase combination. Immediately afterwards, what are consolidated Additional Paid-In Capital and Retained Earnings, respectively? A. $133,000 and $360,000 B. $236,000 and $360,000 C. $130,000 and $360,000 D. $236,000 and $490,000 E. $133,000 and $490,00019. Assume that Botkins and Volkerson were being joined in a pooling of interests and this occurred on January 1, 2000, using the same values given. Immediately afterwards, what is consolidated Additional Paid-In Capital? A. 138,000 B. $266,000 C. $130,000 D. $236,000 E. $135,00020. Chapel Hill Company had common stock of $350,000 and retained earnings of $490,000. Blue Town Inc. had common stock of $700,000 and retained earnings of $980,000. On Ja nuary 1, 2009, Blue Town issued 34,000 shares of common stock with a $12 par value and a $35 fair value for all of Chapel Hill Company's outstanding common stock. This combination was accounted for as an acquisition. Immediately after the combination, what was the consolidated net assets? A. $2,520,000 B. $1,190,000 C. $1,680,000 D. $2,870,000 E. $2,030,000

Cold Dark Matter (CDM)

The universe is made up of at least two kinds of matter. Primarily, theres the material we can detect, which astronomers call baryonic matter. Its thought of as ordinary matter because its made of protons and neutrons, which can be measured. Baryonic matter includes stars and galaxies, plus all the objects they contain. However, there is also stuff out there in the universe that cant be detected through normal observational means. Yet, it does exist because astronomers can measure its gravitational effect on baryonic matter. Astronomers call this material dark matter because, well, its dark. It doesnt reflect or emit light. This mysterious form of matter presents some major challenges to understanding a great many things about the universe, going right back to the beginning, some 13.7 billion years ago.   The Discovery of Dark Matter Decades ago, astronomers found that there wasnt enough mass in the universe to explain things like the rotation of stars in  galaxies and the movements of star clusters. Mass affects an objects motion through space, whether its a galaxy or a star or a planet. Judging by the way some galaxies rotated, for example, it appeared that there was more mass out there somewhere. But, it wasnt being detected. It was somehow missing from the mass inventory they assembled using stars and nebulae to assign a galaxy a given mass. Dr. Vera Rubin and her team were observing galaxies when they first noticed a difference between expected rotation rates (based on estimated masses of those galaxies) and the actual rates they observed. Researchers began to dig more deeply into figuring out where all the missing mass had gone. They considered that perhaps our  understanding of physics, i.e. general relativity, was flawed, but too many other things didnt add up. So, they decided that perhaps the mass was still there, but simply not visible. While it is still possible that we are missing something fundamental in our theories of gravity, the second option has been more palatable to physicists. Out of that revelation was born the idea of dark matter. Theres observational evidence for it around galaxies, and theories and models point to the involvement of dark matter early in the universes formation. So, astronomers and cosmologists know its out there, but havent yet figured out what it is yet. Cold Dark Matter (CDM) So, what could dark matter be? As of yet, there are only theories and models. They can actually be slotted into three general groups: hot dark matter (HDM), warm dark matter (WDM), and cold dark matter (CDM). Of the three, CDM has long been the leading candidate for what this missing mass in the universe is. However, some researchers still favor a combination theory, where aspects of all three types of dark matter exist together to make up the total missing mass. CDM is a kind of dark matter that, if it exists, moves slowly compared to the speed of light. It is thought to have been present in the universe since the very beginning and has very likely influenced the growth and evolution of galaxies. as well as the formation of the first stars. Astronomers and physicists think that its most likely some exotic particle that hasnt yet been detected. It very likely has some very specific properties: It would have to lack an interaction with the electromagnetic force. This is fairly obvious, since dark matter is dark. Therefore it doesnt interact with, reflect, or radiate any type of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.   However, any candidate particle that makes up cold dark matter would have to take into account that it has to interact with a gravitational field. For proof of this, astronomers have noticed that dark matter accumulations in galaxy clusters wield a gravitational influence on light from more distant objects that happens to be passing by. This so-called gravitational lensing effect has been observed many times. Candidate Cold Dark Matter Objects While no known matter meets all of the criteria for cold dark matter, at least three theories have been advanced to explain CDM (if they exist). Weakly Interacting Massive Particles: Also known as WIMPs, these particles, by definition, meet all the needs of CDM. However, no such particle has ever been found to exist. WIMPs have become the catch all term for all cold dark matter candidates, regardless of why the particle is thought to arise.  Axions: These particles possess (at least marginally) the necessary properties of dark matter, but for various reasons are probably not the answer to the question of cold dark matter..MACHOs: This is an acronym for Massive Compact Halo Objects, which are objects like black holes, ancient neutron stars, brown dwarfs and planetary objects. These are all non-luminous and massive. But, because of their large sizes, both in terms of volume and mass, they would be relatively easy to detect by monitoring localized gravitational interactions. However, there are problems with the MACHO hypothesis. The observed motion of galaxies, for instance, is uniform in a way that would be hard to explain if MACHOs supplied the missing mass. Furthermore, star clusters would require a very uniform distribution of such objects within their boundaries. That seems very unlikely. Also, the sheer number of MACHOs that would have to be fairly large in order to explain the missing mass. Right now, the mystery of dark matter doesnt have an obvious solution — yet. Astronomers continue to design experiments to search for these elusive particles. When they do figure out what they are and how they are distributed throughout the universe, they will have unlocked another chapter in our understanding of the cosmos. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Effects Of Coffee And Caffeine - 728 Words

â€Å"Did you know that over 400 million cups of coffee and 3.8 billion gallons of tea are consumed per day worldwide?† (Bytes, 2003/2017) Both of these beverages are drunk on daily biases for the same effect. That effect is caffeine. Caffeine is â€Å"a crystalline compound that is found especially in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system.† Everyone in the world thrives off these drinks. They need coffee and tea to â€Å"get them through the day.† The reason so many people drink tea and coffee is that people do not get enough sleep at night therefore throughout the day in order for them to function they consume tea and or coffee. Coffee and tea have effects that give humans a boost. These effects allow them to thrive†¦show more content†¦They also both have polo phenols found inside them. A polyphone is â€Å"a kind of chemical that (at least in theory) may protect against some common health problems and possibly cer tain effects of aging.† (1996-2017 Medicine Net, Inc) Some of these lasting benefits are that tea and coffees components help reduce the risk of cancers, olteraporasis, diabetes, and mellitus. Tea and coffee have a wide range of differences. For instance, tea as a whole is a better choice for you to drink. The reason tea is better is that tea has been proven to lessen the risk of esophageal cancer in women by 60%, prevent Parkinsons disease, improve bone density, decrease blood pressure, helps ease digestion and decrease the risk of a stroke. Tea also helps fend against dieses in your body. â€Å"Among other things, it contains â€Å"polyphones†Ã¢â‚¬â€antioxidants that repair cells and in doing so, may help our bodies fight help us fend off cardiovascular diseases, cancers, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus and other maladies. And contrary to popular belief, it’s not just green tea that’s good for you. Black, white and red tea also has health-giving fla vonoids and polyphones.† (Mascercola, 2017 Romantic Homes) This will allow your body to stay as healthy as possible. Drinking tea compared to coffee is a better choice. Coffee has properties in its components that raise cholesterol. â€Å"Having high cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in artery walls. This buildupShow MoreRelatedCoffee Daily: Windows to the World1571 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world wake up to a cup of coffee but is this harmful or beneficial? Research shows that the pros to coffee, at responsible amounts per day, outweigh the cons or negative effects of coffee and even have the same effects as medicines given over the counter at pharmacy or even prescribed by a pharmacist. Many people just drink coffee without even knowing the location of where coffee began but this can be very crucial to the understanding to finding the benefits of coffee. â€Å"In the Ethiopian highlandsRead MoreThe Impact of Drinking too Much Caffeine1275 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to an article from Caffeine Informer(2010), caffeine intoxication is now included in the DSM-5 physicians manual.The official diagnosis can be made when any 5 of the following symptoms are present: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis (you keep passing urine), gastrointestinal disturbance (upset tummy, diarrhea), muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, or psychomotor agitationRead MoreThe Effect of Caffeine on Plant Growth826 Words   |  4 PagesEffec | Effect of caffeine on plant growth | Description This science fair project was performed to find out the effect on plant growth of adding caffeine to the soil. The experiment was done by using mung bean plants and watering them daily with water, water mixed with caffeine and with a coffee mixture. Hypothesis The mung beans watered using the coffee mixture will grow the fastest. Overview Caffeine and plant growth The effect of adding caffeine to the soil and its effect on plantRead MoreCaffeine Is A Central Nervous System ( Cns ) Stimulant828 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is caffeine? Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, having the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks enjoy great popularity: caffeine is the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive substance. In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily. [1] Many natural sources of caffeine also contain widely varying mixtures of other xanthine alkaloids, including theRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Its Effects On Society1670 Words   |  7 Pagesreal effects of drugs when they are about to use it. In today’s society, there are various types of drugs or substances that are either on the legal or illegal side. Just because a substance is legal does not make it beneficial and vice versa. The main categories of drugs are stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The drug category that I would like to focus on is stimulants. The most heavily and frequently us ed stimulant, which is caffeine. Never does it cross someone’s mind that caffeine canRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1328 Words   |  6 Pages Today how many people drink caffeine daily and do not realize the harmful effects of doing so? Caffeine is found in many common drinks consumed by both adults and children on a daily basis. People are not concerned with the impact of caffeine on their bodies. Caffeine is addictive and the brain will become dependent on it to keep the mind awake. Caffeine keeps the body from falling asleep by blocking the adenosine receptors; adenosine is what makes the person sleepy. Caffeinated drinks are especiallyRead MoreSpeech on Caffeine Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Caffeine Specific purpose: To inform my audience what exactly caffeine is, where it comes from, the benefits of caffeine and the negative effects of caffeine. Introduction A. Attention material: Do you ever feel like you will never make it through the day without caffeine? Is your first thought in the morning to get yourself a cup of coffee before you can even get your day started? B. Tie to the audience: I am sure that most of you do consume at least one form ofRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On College Students Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesembed into the lives of students, caffeine also have become a necessity in student’s daily life as well. The workload of a college student can be overwhelming and it drive students to rely on caffeine. When they rely on caffeine for their body to function, they overlook an important aspect of their health conditions which is getting enough sleep. Losing sleep can make a big impact on a student’s ability to critically think, reason, and judge. Although, caffeine is consider a solution to any student’sRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1454 Words   |  6 Pagesadvised if the person does have this issue to use caffeine very carefully. There are many diseases that could possible get worse with the use of caffeine. Bipolar, Bleeding disorders, heart conditions, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, glaucoma, osteoporos is, these are all diseases that could possibly be worsened by the use of caffeine or products with. In young adults drinking 4 or more cups of coffee significantly could risk heart attack and death. Coffee could stain someone’s teeth, it is also acidicRead MoreInformative Essay On Caffeine900 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine. From your morning cup of coffee to the pain relievers for your headache, nearly 90% of Americans consume it daily, making it America’s most popular drug. Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant around the world and present in many different products including coffee, tea, energy drinks, chocolates, and over-the-counter medications. Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system that can cause physical dependence, but doesn’t threaten the health of the consumer the way addictive

Comparing the Truth in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler Essay

Truth Exposed in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler No other dramatist had ever meant so much to the women of the stage, claimed Elizabeth Robins, the actress who performed the title role in the English-language premier of Hedda Gabler in London in 1891 (Farfan 60). Henrik Ibsen was a Norwegian dramatist and poet whose works are notorious for their unveiling of the truths that society preferred to keep hidden. Ibsen was sensitive to womens issues and through his works, he advocated for womens rights, a controversial issue for a male writer in the 19th century. Although Ibsen has alluded to the fact that he was not a part of the womens movement, his brave portrayal of women in their socially confined positions can earn him†¦show more content†¦Juliana Tesman, a single, childless woman, sees Heddas pregnancy as being good for Heddas husband, George. Miss Tesman states, God bless and keep you, Hedda Tesman-for Georges sake (Ibsen 705). Ibsen displays women, without children, viewing motherhood positively. In both Hedda and Noras circumstances, society demands that their sole purpose is to serve their husbands. Usually, women reach maturity through marriage and after having children. Ibsen chose the opposite as his case. Nora only achieves maturity when she leaves her husband and children. Through her abandonment she was able to receive closure on the aspect of her life that was preventing her from reaching her full potential. Prior to her leaving, Nora explains to Torvald what she must do for her best interests. I have to try to educate myself, she says, You cant help me with that. Ive got to do it alone. And thats why Im leaving you now (Ibsen 192). Torvald responds by saying that she has no right to neglect her duties to her husband and children. Nora explains, I have other duties equally sacred...Duties to myself. I believe that, before all else, Im a human being, no less than you-or anyway, I ought to try to become one (Ibsen 193). Nora reprioritizes her life and realizes that she needs to cater to her personal needs and establish a life of her own before she can tend to the lives of others. Ibsen is implying that the woman